Phase locked loop design free download as powerpoint presentation. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Pll circuit in fm transmitter is a closed loop feedback control system. Once locked, the output frequency f o of vco is identical to f s except for a finite phase difference this phase difference. When these two devices are feed to each other the loop forms. Introduction to phase locked loop system modeling introduction phase locked loops plls are one of the basic building blocks in modern electronic systems. The hef4046b is a phaselocked loop circuit that consists of a linear voltage controlled. The oscillator generates a periodic signal, and the phase detector compares the. Phase locked loops presents the latest information on the basic theory and applications of plls. Pll is a circuit, synchronizing an output signal generated by an oscillator with a reference or input signal in the frequency as well as in phase. The lock range above and figure 3 the 565 integrated circuit pll contains almost all of the circuitry necessary to build a pll. They have been widely used in communications, multimedia and many other applications. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect.
The output of a phase detector is applied as an input of active low pass. This reference signal is used as a basic carrier wave for deriving valvefiring pulses in control circuits. Analog electronics phase locked loop preetpatel 1510109032 2nd b. Presents a tutorial on phase locked loops from a control systems perspective. A phaselocked loop is a feedback system combining a voltage controlled oscillator vco and a phase comparator so connected that the oscillator maintains a. Phase locked loop design fundamentals application note, rev. Perrott 2 why are digital phase locked loops interesting.
Abstractthis paper presents phaselocked loop pll refer encespur reduction design techniques exploiting a subsampling phase detector sspd which. It is useful in communication systems such as radars, satellites, fms, etc. A bibliography is included for those who desire to pursue the theoretical aspect. Used with loop filters such as the k counter or n before m that output carry or borrow pulses. Razavi, design of analog cmos integrated circuits, chap. Once locked, pll tracks the frequency changes of the input signal. Ppt phase locked loops continued powerpoint presentation free to download id. Phase locked loop, pll fm demodulator or detector is a form of fm demodulator that has gained widespread acceptance in recent years. Phase locked loops pll with all acdc converters take an important role in providing a reference phase signal synchronized with the ac system. A phaselocked loop is a feedback system combining a voltage controlled oscillator vco and a phase comparator so connected that the oscillator maintains a constant phase angle relative to a reference signal. A novel type of optical phase locked loop opll, optimized for homodyne intersatellite communication, is presented.
Phase locked loop pll aniruddha chandra ece department, nit durgapur, wb, india. If settling time is critical, the loop bandwidth should be increased to the maximum bandwidth permissible for achieving stable lock and meeting phase noise and spurious frequency targets. Since the scope of this article is practical in nature all theoretical derivations have been omitted, hoping to simplify and clarify the content. Jan 24, 2009ece department, winter school on nit durgapur vlsi systems design 2. Phase locked loop pll is one of the vital blocks in linear systems. A versatile building block for micropower digital and analog applications. The theory and mathematical models used to describe plls are of two types. For phaselocked loop circuits, the bandwidth of the lowpass filter has a direct influence on the settling time of the system. The zpll clock module contains a phasedlocked loop pll, crystal oscillator, clock monitor circuit. The adobe flash plugin is needed to view this content. Young, pll based clocking circuit in a microprocessor. What is phase locked loop pll pll is an electronic module circuit that locks the phase of the output to the input. To understand the working of the phase locked loop system, let us consider the fm transmitter, which can be considered as one of the most frequently used pll applications. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Components include a vco, a frequency divider, a phase detector pd, and a loop lter. Performance is importantphase noise can limit wireless transceiver performancejitter can be a problem for digital processors the standard analog pll implementation is problematic in many applicationsanalog building blocks on a mostly digital chip pose design and verification challenges. Osa optical phase locked loop for transparent inter. No residual carrier transmission is required for phase locking. There are two distinct modes of phaselocked loop behavior. This phase locked loop keeps the generated signal and reference. The baseband model of analog phase locked loop and its linear theory were discussed on the lecture. In lock, the average number of carry pulses and borrow pulses are equal and no. Pll fm detectors can easily be made from the variety of phase locked loop integrated circuits that are available, and as a result, pll fm demodulators are found in many types of radio equipment ranging from. Electronic oscillator all phase locked loops read this article will be somewhere between the available two voltages that are one lsb apart. Only a few discrete components are needed to set the vco freerunning frequency and loop filter.
Phase locked loops continued 1 phase locked loops continued vco ref lo flofrefnm 1m pfd loop filter phase locked loop. Phase locked loop pll is a technique which has contributed significantly toward the technology advancement in communication and motor servo control systems in the past 30 years. Oscillator vco and two different phase comparators. Phase locked loop a phase locked loop or phase lock loop pll is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input reference signal. Assume the loop is locked and we have a phase step change. Lecture 080 all digital phase lock loops adpll reference 2 outline building blocks of the adpll.
It starts with an introduction of the loop as a feedback control problem, with. Phase locked loop control of inverters in a microgrid. Ire, 311, 1943 computer architectures frequency multiplication ian a. Phase locked loop operating principle and applications. The loop accepts analog as well as digital data and various modulation formats. A phaselocked loop consists of a phase detector and a voltage controlled oscillator. An oscillator circuit with output frequency that is typically an integer. Figure 1 contains a block diagram of a basic pll frequency multiplier. A pll is a feedback system that includes a vco, phase detector, and low pass filter within its loop. A phase locked loop or phase lock loop pll is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal. In all pll applications, the phase locked condition must be achieved and maintained. The varying portion of the signal is proportional to the original signal. Nonlinear analysis and design of phaselocked loops pll. Automatic frequency and phase control of synchronization in tv receivers, proc.
Chapter 5 phase locked loop detector radio oscillation. Clock distributionedit typically, the reference clock enters the chip and drives that allows a reliable indication of an out of lock. Phase locked loop vcobased u d u d f ref f o f o f ref filter. A delay locked loop dll for the generation of multiple clock phasesdelays is proposed. Assume the loop is locked and we have a frequency step change. Such as power consumption, micropower phase locked loop, which became a popular integrated circuit.
Delay locked loop delays input clock rather than creating a new clock with an oscillator cannot perform frequency multiplication more stable and easier to design 1st order rather than 2nd state variable is now time t locks when loop delay is exactly t c deviations of. Organized in a logical format, it first introduces the subject in a qualitative manner and discusses key applications. Phase locked loop phase locked loop in rf receiver functional blocks in pll phase detector pd. The output of the phase detector is the input of the voltagecontrolled oscillator vco and the output of the vco is connected to one of the inputs of a phase detector which is shown below in the basic block diagram. This chapter discusses about the block diagram of pll and ic 565 in detail. Phase locked loop ppt method for computation of phasedetector characteristic pdf. The lowpass filter is the final element in our circuit. Next, it develops basic models for components of a pll, and these are used to develop a basic pll model. Chapter 5 phase locked loop free download as powerpoint presentation. Phase locked loop system for facts power systems, ieee. Phaselocked loops can be used, for example, to generate stable output high. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Ppt phase locked loops continued powerpoint presentation.
This control strategy allows microgrids to seamlessly transition between gridconnected and autonomous operation, and vice versa. Voltage controlled oscillator vco demodulation by zero. Electrical aiie slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Spur reduction techniques for phaselocked loops exploiting a. A pll is a negative feedback system where an oscillatorgenerated signal is phase and frequency locked to a reference signal.
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